| Brood_Parasitism This essay describes the behavior of birds that lay their eggs in the nest of another species, with links to other essays covering similar topics. |
| Centre_for_Neuroscience_and_Animal_Behaviour Research into brain function and behavior, communication and higher cognition in animals as undertaken at the University of New England, Australia. |
| A_Century_of_Generalization This article aims to organise existing data to test the theory that, when a behavior has been established in response to a certain stimulus, novel stimuli resembling the first will usually elicit the |
| Chimpanzee_Cultures A searchable database of chimpanzee cultural behaviors. |
| Cognitive_Architecture_of_a_Mini-brain__The_Honeybee Article by Randolf Menzel and Martin Giurfa examining the extent to which adaptive behaviour in honeybees exceeds elementary forms of learning, and identifying the neural mechanisms involved. [PDF] |
| Cognitive_Ecology__A_Field_of_Substance? Article arguing that a greater insight into behaviors such as animal orientation, song learning, mate choice and foraging is achieved by tackling the subject from more than one starting point. [PDF] |
| Cognitive_Ethology_and_the_Explanation_of_Nonhuman_Animal_Behavior In this paper, Marc Bekoff attempts to demonstrate the importance of cognitive ethological investigations for advancing the understanding of animal cognition. |
| Consciousness_in_Animals_and_People_with_Autism Temple Grandin discusses his views on animal consciousness, using comparisons from his experience with autism, citing scientific evidence on other neurological disorders which affect consciousness. |
| Cooperative_Breeding Communal breeding occurs when more than two birds of the same species provide care in rearing the young from one nest. |
| Cooperative_Breeding_in_Birds__a_Comparative_Test_of_the_Life_History_Hypothesis Kathryn Arnold and Ian Owens test the hypothesis that cooperative breeding tends to occur in species with low annual mortality because this leads to overcrowded populations. [PDF] |
| Cophylogeny_between_Pocket_Gophers_and_Chewing_Lice Article discussing the symbiotic association between gophers and chewing lice, creatures whose life histories are conducive to parallel speciation. [PDF] |
| Cospeciation_and_Rates_of_Evolution_in_Lice_and_Birds__a_Molecular_Approach How old is the association between a given parasite and its host? Rod Page at the University of Glasgow tries to answer this question. |
| Deep-sea_Octocorals_as_Homes_for_Other_Species Researchers at the Darling Marine Center at the University of Maine, examine the commensal relationships of octocorals with brittle stars and marine scale worms. |
| Describing_Social_Insect_Behaviour_Using_Process_Algebra Chris Tofts at University College Swansea, Wales, presents robust algorithms that describe three different ant behaviours: synchrony, task allocation and sorting [PDF] |
| Dominance_in_Crayfish_ Article from the Journal of Neuroscience on patterns of behavior, including the activation of neural circuits, during the formation of a dominance hierarchy in crayfish. |
| Dominance_in_Domestic_Hen_Triads The role of individual differences and patterns of resolution in the formation of dominance orders in domestic hen triads. |
| The_Dwarf_Mongoose__Social_Cooperation Article discussing the benefit for dwarf mongooses of living in a cohesive group. Also describes their symbiotic cooperation with hornbills in Kenya. |
| Ecology_and_Conservation_of_Bats Various studies on bats in Scotland undertaken at Aberdeen University. |
| Elephant_Corner__Mentality,_Cognition_and_Behavior_of_Elephants Moti Nissani details his research into elephant behavior, cognition and senses, with sounds and video clips. |
| Figs_and_Fig_wasps An example of mutualism, fig wasps only live for a few days but manage to perform their amazing task of finding and pollinating the flowers that are hidden deep inside the fig. |
| Fish_Behaviour Research at the University of Aberdeen, Scotland, aims to study aggressive behavior in fish and relate this to the aggressor’s position in the group hierarchy. Includes video clips. |
| Group_Predation_of_Lions An investigation into the visual cues required to coordinate the complex cooperative behavior involved in hunting. [PDF] |
| Journal_of_Insect_Behavior With six editions a year, this journal covers a wide range of behavioral research. |
| Mammal_Research_at_JCU Researchers at James Cook University are studying the life histories of several endangered Australian marsupials. |
| Mammalian_Hibernation Article by Ken Muldrew on mammalian hibernation, sleep and torpor. |
| Multiple_ual_Ornaments_in_Satin_Bowerbirds Article by Stephanie Doucet and Robert Montgomerie on their research into the interrelationship between bower features, plumage coloration, and indicators of male quality in this species. |
| Nature-Wildlife Besides photographing African wildlife, Spook Skelton provides notes on African mammals and their behaviour, gleaned from reading and direct observation. |
| Nests_and_Incubation Notes on the building of bird nests and the incubation of eggs. |
| Oklahoma_University_Behavioral_Neuroscience Research in the OU Zoology Department addresses major biological questions through studies of molecules, cells, organisms, and ecosystems to uncover mechanisms of physiology, development, behavior, an |
| Overview_of_Our_Research_on_the_Variable_Field_Cricket At the Wagner Laboratory at the University of Nebraska, research is being undertaken on the evolution of male singing behavior and female song preferences in the variable field cricket |
| Partnership_in_Birds Article discussing monogamous birds and those that change partner, and why such divorces occur. [PDF] |
| Pelican_Lagoon_Research_Centre This centre in Australia provides habitats for long term field studies, especially on monotremes, free from the impact of introduced species. |
| Play_Signals_as_Punctuation__The_Structure_of_Social_Play_in_Canids Paper by Marc Bekoff discussing the use by animals of specific signals primarily to initiate or maintain social play. |
| Processing_Towards_Life L Charles Birch discusses self-organisation as exampled by termites, ants and slime moulds, where patterns of behavior are determined, not by some centralised authority, but by local interactions abou |
| Reading__Manning_and_Dawkins,_Animal_Behavior Notes on Chapters 2 to 7 of this book covering aspects of communication, learning, memory, evolution and social organisation. |
| ReefQuest A comprehensive source of information on the biology of sharks and rays including behavioral studies. |
| Research_Centre_for_Behavioural_and_Physiological_Ecology_(BPERC) BPERC aims to investigate behavioral and physiological adaptations of native Australian mammals and birds living in various habitats and the impact of environmental change on them. |
| Research_Projects_in_the_Mammal_Research_Unit Details of the current research projects being undertaken at the Mammal Research Unit at Bristol University, England. |
| Research_Station_Petite_Camargue_Alsacienne Affiliated with the University of Basel, Switzerland. Focuses on the behavioral ecology of passerines. |
| Robot_Modelling_of_Insect_Proto-Cognition D J Smith’s thesis concerns a bio-robotic investigation of the elementary forms of cognition that might be present in small brains, specifically insect brains. [PDF] |
| ual_Selection_in_Bowerbirds Research at the Borgia Lab concentrates on understanding the evolution of the complex ual male displays in the Satin Bowerbird, Ptilonorhynchus violaceus. |
| Social_Behaviour_of_African_Wild_Dogs Katherine Green at the University of Sheffield, England, examines how the social behavior of the African wild dog is contributing to its high risk of extinction. [PDF] |
| Torpor_in_Hummingbirds Article by Devorah Bennu on the strategy used by hummingbirds to conserve energy in order to survive long cold nights. |
| Trade-offs_Between_Extraterritorial_Prospecting_and_Helping_in_a_Cooperative_Mammal Researchers at Cambridge University investigated whether male meerkats trade off their cooperative contributions to pup feeding against searching for mating and dispersal opportunities. [PDF] |
| Universal_Parasitism_and_the_Co-evolution_of_Extended_Phenotypes Article by Richard Dawkins argues that we should ask “Which animal is benefiting from this behavior?” rather than asking “In what way is this animal benefiting from this behavior?” Parasites a |
| Untangling_the_Tangle-Web__Web_Construction_Behavior_of_the_Comb-Footed_Spider Suresh Benjamin and Samuel Zschokke observed the behavior involved in the construction of a three dimensional, irregular web. [PDF] |
| Variation_in_Lekking_Costs_in_Blackbuck Researchers at the Wildlife Institute of India examine the hypothesis that among lekking males of the species Antilope cervicapra, variations in lekking costs is related to differences in mating benef |
| Web_Building_Behaviour_in_Araneus_diadematus Thomas Hasselberg’s thesis examines web building behavior in this spider, and the effects of temperature and neurotoxins on the geometry of the web and the catching of prey. [PDF] |
| The_Biology_of_the_Fish A brief account of fish biology which also considers stress and the welfare of farmed fish. |
| Cold_Water_Chemistry Brief description of the many physiological adaptations that Arctic fish have made to help them cope with life at low temperatures. |
| Feeding_Habits_of_Fish Mat Couchman aims to discover the main elements of the food chain in a reservoir, culminating at the pinnacle level with the crucian carp (Carassius carassius). |
| Fish Fish Information Website. Everything you need to know about the biology of the fish. |
| Fish_-_Biomedia_Zoology_Museum An introduction to the taxonomy of fish with explanations of the technical terms used. |
| Fish_Anatomy An illustrated introduction to the external and internal anatomy of the fish. |
| Fish_Are_Open_Systems An article discussing how fish have adapted to the problems posed by life in water and how osmoregulation is a vital function affecting all aspects of fish health. |
| Fish_Biology__Respiration_in_Marine_Fish Describes the mechanisms that fish can utilize to extract oxygen from the water, concentrating on the gills. |
| Fish_in_Extremes Article discussing how teleosts and hardy elasmobranches have adapted to survive in low oxygen environments. |
| Fish_Muscle_Research_Group List of scientific publications submitted to this organization which is based at the Gatty Marine Laboratory in Scotland. |
| Fish_neurobiology The University of Oslo runs a strategic program that aims to educate the next generation of fish physiologists and neurobiologists. |
| Marine_Biodiversity__Fish An introduction to the biology of the three classes of fish being the jawless, cartilaginous and bony fishes. |
| Pain_in_Fish A brief account of fish biology, behavior, neuroanatomy and a consideration of whether fish feel pain. |
| The_Physiological_and_Metabolic_Adaptations_of_Salmonids Mat Couchman discusses the environmental influences and changes in lifestyle that create physiological and metabolic adaptations in fish and also deals with their basic nutritional requirements. |
| Respiration__Comparative_Biochemistry_and_Physiology Abstracts from papers covering various aspects of respiration and the cardio-respiratory system in fish and other vertebrates. [PDF] |
| A_Study_into_the_Locomotion_of_Fishes Article explaining how fish swim and why they have developed very different body shapes. |
| Trans-ual_Fish David Allsop at the University of Edinburgh has been studying fish that can change at some point during their life. [PDF] |
| MERLIN An approach to solve the asymmetric travelling salesman problem using linear optimisation with a polynomial bounded set of constraints. |
